Fatiha Dene Ka Tarika: Niyaz aur Isal-e-Sawab, Step by Step

Fatiha (niyaz) kya hai?

Bol chaal mein "fatiha" ya "niyaz" us amal ko kehte hain jismein Quran ki kuch surahen aur durood padh kar, aur aksar khana saamne rakh kar, uska sawab Nabi, sahaba, auliya ya kisi marhoom ko bakhsha jata hai. Asal cheez isal-e-sawab hai: kisi nek amal ka sawab doosre ko pahunchana.

Yeh tarika khaas taur par Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat (Barelvi) riwayat mein raij hai: Giyarvi Sharif, Urs, Shab-e-Barat, teeja, chaliswan aur barsi par, ya kisi bhi din kisi marhoom ki yaad mein. Isal-e-sawab ka bunyadi amal (dua, sadaqa aur tilawat ka sawab bakhshna) Sunni ulama ke yahan aam taur par mana gaya hai; ikhtilaf is khaas tarike par hai, jiska zikr neeche "Doosre maslak kya kehte hain" mein hai.

Fatiha dene ka tarika: step by step

Neeche ka tarika Dawat-e-Islami ke risale "Fatiha aur Isal-e-Sawab ka Tariqa" se liya gaya hai, jise woh aaj kal ka raij aur achha tarika batata hai. Pehle jis khane ka isal-e-sawab karna hai, woh sab ya thoda thoda, aur ek gilas paani saamne rakh lijiye. Phir yeh padhiye:

Iske baad fatiha padhane wala ailaan karta hai ki aap sab ne jo kuch padha hai uska sawab mujhe de dijiye, aur haazireen kehte hain "aap ko diya". Phir woh isal-e-sawab ki dua karta hai (agla hissa dekhiye).

Agar khane mein se thoda thoda nikala tha, to dua ke baad use wapas baaqi khane aur paani mein mila dijiye. Akele fatiha dene wala yahi sab khud padh kar khud dua kar sakta hai.

Isal-e-sawab ki dua kaise karein

Dua mein Allah se arz kijiye ki jo kuch padha gaya aur jo khana pesh kiya gaya, uska sawab apne karam se qubool farmaye aur use Nabi ki bargah mein pahunchaye, phir unke waseele se tamam ambiya, sahaba, auliya aur Adam se Qiyamat tak ke tamam musalmanon ko, aur khaas taur par jin marhoomeen ka naam liya jaye.

Risale ke mutabiq behtar yeh hai ki jin jin buzurgon aur rishtedaron ko khaas taur par sawab pahunchana hai, unka naam le kar dua karein: apne maa baap, rishtedar aur apne peer o murshid. Agar kisi ka naam na lein aur sirf itna kahein ki "ya Allah, iska sawab aaj tak ke tamam ahle iman ko pahuncha", to bhi sab ko pahunchne ki ummeed hai. Uske baad apni aam dua mukammal kar lijiye.

Yeh dua kisi bhi zaban mein ki ja sakti hai: Hindi, Urdu, Bangla ya Arabi. Asal cheez dil ki niyyat hai.

Ala Hazrat ka fatiha ka tarika (chhota tarika)

Isi risale mein likha hai ki Imam Ahmad Raza Khan (Ala Hazrat) isal-e-sawab ki dua se pehle yeh padhte the: Surah al-Fatiha ek baar, Ayat al-Kursi (Quran 2:255) ek baar, aur Surah al-Ikhlas teen baar. Phir upar wale tarike se isal-e-sawab ki dua ki jati hai.

Mazar par fatiha ka tarika

Risale ke mutabiq mazar par qadmon ki taraf se haazir hon, qibla ki taraf peeth aur sahib-e-mazar ke chehre ki taraf rukh kar ke, kam az kam chaar haath (taqreeban do gaz) door khade hon, salaam arz karein, phir ek baar Surah al-Fatiha aur gyarah baar Surah al-Ikhlas padh kar isal-e-sawab karein.

Shuru aur aakhir mein ek ya teen baar durood sharif padhein, aur isal-e-sawab mein sahib-e-mazar ka naam lein. Salaam ke alfaz risale mein "Assalamu alaika ya sayyidi wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh" diye gaye hain.

Isal-e-sawab ki daleel: Quran aur hadith

Sunni ulama is par muttafiq hain ki zindon ki dua aur sadaqa ka faida marhoom ko pahunchta hai. Hanafi maslak mein Quran ki tilawat ka sawab bhi pahunchta hai: al-Hidayah ke mutabiq Ahle Sunnat ke yahan insaan apne namaz, roze, sadaqe ya kisi aur nek amal ka sawab doosre ko de sakta hai.

Quran mein momin pehle guzar jane wale bhaiyon ke liye dua karte hain: "Aye hamare Rab, hamein aur hamare un bhaiyon ko bakhsh de jo hum se pehle iman laye" (Quran 59:10).

Ek sahabi ne arz kiya ki meri maa achanak faut ho gayin, agar woh bol paatin to sadaqa karti; kya main unki taraf se sadaqa karoon to unhein sawab milega? Aap ne farmaya: haan (Sahih al-Bukhari 1388). Hazrat Saad bin Ubadah ne apni walida ke liye kuan khudwa kar kaha: "Yeh Umm-e-Saad ke liye hai" (Sunan Abi Dawud 1681). Aur Nabi ne farmaya ki insaan ke marne par uske amal khatam ho jate hain siwaye teen ke: sadaqa-e-jariya, faida dene wala ilm, aur nek aulad jo uske liye dua kare (Sahih Muslim 1631).

Risala bhi isi baat par zor deta hai ki isal-e-sawab ke liye dil mein niyyat kaafi hai: koi bhi nek kaam, ek rupaya khairat ho ya ek baar durood, kar ke dil mein niyyat kar lijiye ki iska sawab falan ko pahunche.

Khane par fatiha: zaroori baatein

Khana saamne rakhna fatiha ki shart nahi; risale ke mutabiq isal-e-sawab ke liye dil ki niyyat kaafi hai, aur khana saamne rakhna ek raij aur pasandeeda tarika hai. Niyaz ki dawat mein namaz ka khayal rakhein: dawat aisi rakhein ki kisi ki jamaat na chhoote.

Risala mashwara deta hai ki dopahar ka khana Zuhr ke baad aur shaam ka khana Isha ke baad rakha jaye, taaki mehmaan ba jamaat namaz ada kar sakein, aur mezbaan, bawarchi aur khana baantne wale bhi namaz ke waqt kaam chhod kar jamaat mein shareek hon.

Doosre maslak kya kehte hain

Deobandi aur Ahle Hadith ulama isal-e-sawab ko jaiz maante hain, yaani tilawat, dua aur sadaqa ka sawab marhoom ko bakhshna. Lekin woh khane ke saamne fatiha ke muqarrar tarike, aur teeja, daswan, chaliswan jaise muqarrar dinon ko bid'at kehte hain, kyunki unke mutabiq yeh tarika Sunnat se sabit nahi.

Darul Uloom Deoband ke ek fatwe (1278/1278/M=11/1434) ke mutabiq teesre din khana baantna aur fatiha khwani ka intezam karna be-bunyad hai; isal-e-sawab Quran ki tilawat, sadaqa aur ghareebon ko khana khila kar kiya jaye, kisi muqarrar din ki qaid ke baghair. Mufti Ebrahim Desai (askimam.org) bhi isal-e-sawab ki hadithen bayan karte hue likhte hain ki raij fatiha ka tarika Nabi se kisi ek mauqe par bhi sabit nahi.

Islamweb (fatwa 98779) ke mutabiq tilawat ka sawab marhoom ko bakhshna ulama ki raajih raaye mein jaiz hai, lekin khaas Surah al-Fatiha ko khaas waqt par muqarrar kar lena, is tarah ki log use Sunnat samjhein, bid'at hai.

Ahle Sunnat ulama ka jawab yeh hai ki is tarike ka har hissa (tilawat, durood, sadaqa aur dua) apni jagah sabit hai, aur in ko ek tarteeb mein jama karne ko koi farz ya Sunnat nahi kehta; isliye woh ise ek jaiz aur mustahab tarteeb samajhte hain. Usha Sanyal ki tehqeeq is bahas ki tareekh bayan karti hai.

Aam sawal